Maria Bashir – First Afghan Woman Lawyer
Born in Afghanistan in 1970, this girl became the first female lawyer in Afghanistan. She began her legal education in 1994 after enrolling in the law department of Kabul University.
After earning her law degree, she became the Chief Prosecutor General of Herat Province in 2006. During the Taliban era, when the regime banned women from working, Maria Bashir defied legal restrictions and secretly taught girls in her home, bringing them the light of education.
Since Maria’s legal field was related to justice and protecting women’s rights, she carried out her work with 100% honesty, keeping this in mind. Her heartfelt dedication to her work has brought her international success.
As a result of this transition, Maria Beth was also awarded the International Women of Courage Award in 2011. Although the exact identity of Afghanistan’s first female lawyer is still unclear, Maria Bashir has played a significant role in advancing the presence and influence of women in the Afghan legal profession.
Australia’s First Woman Lawyer – Floss Greig
Born on 7 November 1880 in Victoria, Australia, this girl, whose full name was Grata Floss Matilda Greig, became the first woman to enter the legal profession in Australia after graduating from the University of Melbourne with a law degree in 1903.
Because at that time, women were not legally allowed to practice law in Victoria. A piece of legislation was introduced to make this possible, and the basis of this law was the Women’s Disability Removal Act (also known as the Flos Greig Enabling Act). After the passage of this act in 1903, women were allowed to practice law.
In 1905, Floss Matilda entered the Supreme Court of Australia (Victoria) as a barrister and lawyer, becoming the first woman to achieve 100% success in her work. Floss worked for the rights of every woman and, having achieved this, she later realized that women could succeed in all fields. After becoming a lawyer, she also set up her own legal practice.
But perhaps fate had something else in mind. Floss died a natural death on 31 December 1958. Floss was also a pioneer in the women’s suffrage movement and wider social reform. Her legal career was relatively low-profile, but her symbolic role was very powerful.
Floss Gregg made a name for herself around the world, paving the way for generations of Australian women. The entry of women into Australian professions represents a significant turning point in the history of gender equality and provides women with a renewed sense of assurance that they cannot be left behind at any point.
Austria’s First Woman Lawyer – Marianne Beth
The correct historical figure recognized as the first lady of Australia was Dr. Marianne Beth. She was born on March 6, 1889, in Vienna, Austria. In fact, Marianne studied philosophy and received a doctorate in philosophy in 1912, but when Austria allowed women to study law after World War I, she returned to school to obtain a law degree in 1921.
And became the first woman to obtain a law degree and practice law in a country like Australia. And after considerable success and expertise in this, Marianne was admitted to the Austrian bar around 1928, and here too she became the first Austrian woman lawyer to be admitted to the bar.
Marianne’s advocacy was more oriented towards women’s rights, especially legal and professional equality, and she had considerable expertise in this. Along with this, she played an active role in international women’s organizations and published a work on legal status.
After the Nazi annexation in 1938, she was forced to leave Austria as a Jew, and immigrated to the United States, where she began her career anew. Marianne Beth is still remembered as an important figure in Austrian legal history and is still remembered in Austria for laying the foundation for the advancement of Austrian women in the legal profession.
Marie Poplin – The First Woman Lawyer of Belgium
Born in Belgium in 1846, Marie Poplin played a major role in the history of Belgium, especially in the advancement of women’s rights and access to education, and achieved great success due to her outstanding qualities.
In 1888, she was the first woman to receive a law degree. From here, Leroy obtained a Doctor of Laws degree. However, despite her qualifications in this profession, Marie was refused admission to the bar solely because of her sex. The issue was widely discussed and became known as the “Poplin Affair”.
After being denied the right to practice law, Poplin turned to working on women’s rights. And after succeeding in this activity, she became a leading figure in the Belgian feminist movement.
In 1892, Poplin helped found the Ligue belge du droit des femmes, a major feminist organization in Belgium. After its success, Poplin also played a role in international feminist efforts and joined the International Council of Women.
All of Marie Poplin’s efforts laid an excellent foundation for future legal reforms in Belgium. Poplin is still remembered in Belgium today as a trailblazer for her efforts for gender equality and women’s access to the professions.
Myrthes Gomes de Campos – Brazil’s First Woman Lawyer
Place of birth: 1875, Meca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Myrthes Gomes de Campos was born into a progressive family that prioritized education. Myrthes studied at a time when education was a high priority for Brazilian women. During this time, Myrthes broke all social norms by pursuing a higher law degree.
Myrthes began her law studies at the Rio de Janeiro Law School, one of the most prestigious legal institutions in the country at the time. In 1906, Myrthe achieved a remarkable success, earning her the status of First Lady.
She was admitted to the Instituto dos Educados do Brasil (Institute of Brazilian Lawyers), a prestigious legal institution that was once considered an association. Although women were not explicitly prohibited from studying law in Brazil, they were not allowed to practice due to prevailing social and legal discrimination.
Myrthes led a large-scale campaign against this obstacle, in which she put women’s rights first. Myrthes’s steadfastness in standing up for this campaign eventually won acceptance and set a legal and symbolic precedent. In addition, Myrthes practiced law and advocated for women’s rights and full suffrage.
Myrthes is still respected in Brazil today for her intellectual rigor and eloquent advocacy. In addition, Myrthes participated in legal debates and contributed articles to journals, and as a result, she became a vocal figure in Brazil’s early feminist movements.
Myrthes Gomes de Campos is known not only as Brazil’s first female lawyer, but also for her outstanding performance in the legal profession and is remembered as a pioneer of gender equality.
Her work and determination broke down all legal barriers for Brazilian women and paved the way for future generations of women to enter and advance in law and public service. She is still remembered today for working alongside men in Brazil and for the advancement of women throughout history.
Clara Brett Martin- First Woman Lawyer of Canada
Born in Canada in 1874, Clara Brett Martin is seen as a significant figure for women around the world and is often associated with women’s work, but her true place in Canadian history was not clearly defined, and it was a great achievement for her to truly define her place.
She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto at the age of 16, which was highly unusual for women at the time.
Clara Brett Martin was not the first Canadian lady (i.e., not a first lady or political leader). Clara Brett Martin was not a “First Lady of Canada” in the sense of being a first lady or holding any important national political office.
Rather, she is historically significant for her outstanding achievements in the legal profession. Clara was first called to the Ontario Bar in 1897 and was the first female lawyer in the British Empire to appear at the Bar, and the first female lawyer in the entire British Empire.
Since women were not allowed to study law in Britain, Clara also faced significant legal and institutional opposition to studying law and entering the legal profession. Clara Brett-Martin worked alongside men in the legal profession and broke down all gender barriers against women, paving the way for future generations of women in law and other professions in Canada and the Commonwealth.
China’s First Woman Lawyer – Tcheng Yu-hsiu
Born on March 20, 1891, in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, this girl rejected traditional gender roles from an early age. At the age of six, she refused to have her feet bound, and at the age of thirteen, she personally wrote a letter to her fiancé, ending the arranged marriage.
Tcheng Yu-hsiu was China’s first female lawyer. She was also known as Zheng Yu-hsiu, Somei Tcheng, or Madame Wei Tao-ming. Tcheng began her legal education in France and received a doctorate from the University of Paris Faculty of Law in 1926.
She returned to Shanghai. After returning to Shanghai, she founded a law practice with her husband Wei Tao-ming, and after succeeding in this, she became the first woman to practice law in China.
Tcheng Yu’s legal acumen led to her being called to serve as a judge in the French Concession of Shanghai, and after succeeding in this, she became the first female judge in the country.
In addition to her legal career, Tcheng also became a prominent political figure, participating in Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary movement until the 1911 Revolution and serving in the National Legislative Yuan. From 1931 to 1937, she was elected president of the School of Law of the University of Shanghai.
Tcheng Yu-hsiu died in San Francisco on December 16, 1959, and the grief of her passing left a legacy as a trailblazer for women in China’s legal and political fields.
America’s First Female Lawyer, Arabella Mansfield:
Born on May 23, 1846, in Burlington, Iowa, USA, Arabella Mansfield is known throughout the world for her legal skills. Arabella succeeded in law at a time when Iowa law only allowed men to practice law. In 1869, she passed the Iowa Bar Exam with flying colors and became the first woman to be admitted to the bar in the US state. Seeing all these advances of Arabella, the US state officially allowed women to enter the law. Even after taking up the profession of law, Arabella never practiced law and became a prominent college teacher and advocate by pretending to be an excellent teacher. The first American lawyer to speak in favor of women never thought of escaping from her legal profession, but rather provided her legal aid to everyone. She spoke so much about women’s rights that during her days as a lawyer, women were allowed to vote. Along with this, she also paved the way for women’s education. Since she herself had been the dean of the School of Art at a university, she broke more foundations in the field of education for women. After fulfilling all her responsibilities, Arabella truly lost her life on August 1, 1911, in Aurora, Illinois, USA. Even today, Arabella Mansfield is remembered in America as one of the lawyers who brought equal rights for women and equal rights for citizens. Her legacy goes beyond the legal realm to women’s rights and educational equality. Therefore, the struggle has spread to a wider scale.
Argentina’s first female lawyer, Maria Angelica Barrida:
Born on May 2, 1887, in La Plata, Argentina, Maria Angelica Barrida would have never known that she would be so famous around the world today for her legal achievements. This girl, who began her legal studies at the National University of La Plata in 1907, is now highly respected for her legal skills. Maria began her studies by enrolling in the Faculty of Law at a regular college, which was not very popular at the time. Apparently, the law did not prohibit women from studying law, but it was not generally allowed. But still, Maria put all these things behind her and graduated with a law degree in 1909, becoming the first woman in Argentina to receive a law degree. Even after obtaining a law degree, Maria bravely faced many legal obstacles, but still, the Provincial Bar Association of Buenos Aires did not allow her to enter, citing her gender. Even after not being admitted to the bar, Maria did not give up and started working legally for women’s rights, and eventually became a civil. She became known for her commercial advocacy and broader social reform. Her leading role played a significant role in Argentina’s growing feminist movement in the early 20th century, and she became a symbol of the struggle for women in the legal profession. She died suddenly on July 21, 1963, in La Plata, Argentina. Her legacy is still honored by various academic and legal institutions in Argentina, and her story is often cited in discussions of gender equality in the legal field.
Rabia Bhuyan, Bangladesh’s first female lawyer:
Rabia Bhuyan, born on March 1, 1944, in Bangladesh, is known worldwide for her legal skills. She is not only the first Bangladeshi barrister, but also the country’s first educationist and female politician. Apart from being the first female barrister in Bangladesh, she also has the honor of playing an important role in the country’s legal and political landscape. Born in Dhaka during British India, Rabia Bhuyan was raised in a family that valued education and gender equality. Her father was an inspector of schools, so she did not have any problems in getting her primary education and seeing her father’s achievements, she developed a passion for learning. After that, she decided to study law abroad and obtained her LLB and LLM degrees from Dhaka University and then obtained her BCL degree from Durham University, UK, and concluded her educational journey with a JSD (Doctor of Juridical Science) from Cornell University, USA. She started her career in a good way by obtaining all her law degrees from prestigious institutions. After completing her legal education, she was called to the bar for the first time at Lincoln’s Inn and thus became the first Bangladeshi barrister. Observing the domestic challenges faced by women in her community, she decided to advocate for women’s rights and decided to pursue a career in law. And in 1967, she started practicing her profession and was later admitted to the District Bar. She joined the Bar Association and was admitted to the High Court Bar in 1969. She became the first Bangladeshi woman to practice in the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court. Her legal skills and dedication to justice made her the first Bangladeshi woman to be appointed as a Senior Advocate in the Supreme Court. Throughout her career, Bhuyan has been a strong advocate for women’s rights and social justice. In 1999, she filed a landmark environmental case, titled “Rabiah Bhuyan, MP vs. LGRD Ministry”, which recognized the government’s responsibility to ensure access to clean drinking water and marked a significant step in Bangladesh’s environmental law. Rabiah Bhuyan served as a Member of Parliament from the National Party (Irshad) on the women’s reserved seat 19. During her tenure, she was appointed as the Minister of Social Welfare and Women’s Affairs in the first Hasina cabinet. And in 1998, she made history in the legal profession for women by becoming the first female speaker to receive a vote for a one-day session of Parliament with the consent of the Deputy Speaker.And in 1989, Rabia Bhuyan and her late husband, Barrister A.K.M. Muzammil Haq Bhuyan, founded the Bhuyan Academy in Dhaka. The institution was set up to offer distance learning law programmes affiliated with the University of London, with the aim of providing accessible legal education to students across Bangladesh. Bhuyan Academy played a significant role in empowering women by enabling them to pursue legal education without the financial and logistical challenges of studying abroad. Rabia Bhuyan’s commitment to social justice and women’s empowerment left an indelible mark on the legal and political spheres of Bangladesh, and her meeting with Mother Teresa during the latter’s visit to Bangladesh left a lasting impression, strengthening her dedication to humanitarian causes. Through her remarkable achievements and unwavering advocacy, Rabia Bhuyan has played a significant role in shaping the legal landscape of Bangladesh, ensuring that women’s voices are heard and their rights are upheld.
Rosa Rosas Castro, Colombia’s first female lawyer:
Born on June 29, 1919 in Tocaima, Cundinamarca, Rosa Rosas Castro is known worldwide for her legal expertise. She was the first Colombian woman to obtain a law degree from a higher university, despite all the legal obstacles and hardships, setting a historic precedent for women in the country. In 1937. she received a bachelor’s degree in literature from the Alice Block Institute in Bogotá and then enrolled in law courses at the Universidad Extranjera de Colombia. On June 14, 1942, she completed her doctorate in law and political science, becoming the first woman to receive a law degree from the university. But despite meeting all the educational requirements to practice law, Rosas Castro faced the worst legal challenges to her right to do so, and a lawsuit was filed against her, arguing that women were deprived of a political identity and were deprived of the public could not work on behalf of. And to disprove this case, her professors acted as her legal team, proudly arguing that women could hold every public office, confirming her right to practice law. And then, on July 1, 1943, she was appointed as the third judge of the Bogotá Circuit of the Superior Court. Rojas Castro’s appointment as judge was controversial, sparking a public debate about the role of women in the legal profession. This controversy led to the creation of the Unión Feminina de Colombia (Women’s Union of Colombia) in 1944. which advocated for equal rights and opportunities for women. She worked in the criminal courts from 1943 to 1947, and also taught at the Universidad Javeriana until 1945. And then in 1947, she was appointed as the first judge in the Criminal Court of Facatitiva, making legal history and serving there until her untimely death on October 29. But even today. Rosa Rosas Castro is remembered in Colombia as a trailblazer who pioneered higher education and professional careers for women in Colombia. Her commitment and achievements paved the way for the legal profession and generations of women who followed her. Her legacy continues to inspire those who advocate for gender equality and women’s rights in Colombia and around the world.
Cuba’s First Female Lawyer:
Maria Collado Romero: Born in 1885, Maria Collado Romero is known worldwide for her legal achievements (law, journalism, and feminist activism). Maria Collado Romero was the first woman in Cuba to become a practicing lawyer. At a time when higher education and professional careers were dominated by men in the early 20th century, Maria’s admission to the Cuban bar set a precedent for women’s inclusion in the legal system. Maria began her legal education at the University of Havana, an institution that had begun to open the doors of legal studies to women in the late 1800s and early 1900s, from which she graduated with a law degree. In addition to her legal work, Collado was also a journalist and writer. In 1913, María founded the feminist magazine “A Mujer”, which focused on issues such as women’s education, women’s suffrage, and equal rights for men and women. Her journalism became a powerful tool for promoting “feminist ideas and civic engagement” among Cuban women. María’s advocacy for women’s rights led to the first Cuban women’s right to vote in 1934. María was a long-time member of the Club Feminino de Cuba, one of the first organized women’s rights groups in Cuba. María passed away in 1968. Today, she is remembered in Cuban history for her efforts to give women their rights. María Collado’s contributions extend beyond the law. She is still remembered today as a trailblazer for gender equality in Cuba. Maria’s legacy played a very important role in helping generations of Cuban women build professional careers and gain civil rights.
Denmark’s first female lawyer, Henny Magnusson:
Born in Denmark in 1878, Henny Magnusson is known worldwide for her legal advancements. Henny not only has legal knowledge but also a passion for taking the law along. In 1905, when Danish women were not allowed to study law and were not free to engage in any kind of social activity, Heine completed her law studies at the University of Copenhagen and became the first Danish woman to receive a law degree. Although she had completed her education, Danish women were no longer legally allowed to enter the bar. In 1906, a royal decree allowed women to practice law, and Heine became the first licensed woman lawyer to practice law. After achieving success here, Heine opened her own law firm in Copenhagen and served there for a long time. At the same time, Heine also worked in civil law, family law, and women’s rights. Most of her priorities were towards cases involving children and women. Heine focused most of her efforts on resolving cases where female clients were underrepresented or marginalized. In addition, she was active in such organizations. Which would promote gender equality and legal access for women. Heine performed all her services at a time when women were not getting their full rights in a city like Denmark, the responsibility for women’s higher education, the right for women to vote, etc. After its legal status, women in Denmark gained many rights.
Egypt’s first female lawyer, Naima Elias Al-Ayoubi:
The first female lawyer in Egypt, Naima Elias Al-Ayoub, is considered one of the world’s great lawyers due to her legal skills. Naima has been a trailblazer not only in Egypt but in the entire legal history of Arab countries. Naima made her decision to pursue legal education public at a time when women were not allowed to have any kind of legal education or extracurricular activities in Egypt. But Naima did not back down from her decision and graduated from the Faculty of Law of Cairo University, an Egyptian university, in 1930 and obtained a law degree. At that time, Naima earned the honor of being the first woman to practice law and became the first female lawyer in all Arab countries. Naima demonstrated all her legal skills on women’s rights. Before that, very few lawyers spoke about women’s rights, but Naima made a difference in the lives of every woman and child. She made success her claim by speaking out in favor of it. Her work brought a lens of feminism and friendship to the male-dominated legal system of Egypt. In addition to legal practice, Naima also tried to give equal rights to all women. Her work opened the doors of all kinds of hardships for Egyptians and women. Much of her legal career was favorable to the women’s movement. Much of her effort consisted of exposing women to the light of education. Even today, not only in Egypt but in all Arab countries, she is remembered as an excellent lawyer in the field of women.
Finland’s first female lawyer, Sigrid Lahrbeck:
Born in Finland in 1876, this first female lawyer would be famous all over the world for her legal skills. Sigrid passed all kinds of legal cases through her skills and made a name for herself. She chose law as a career at a time when women were not given any special importance in Finland, but seeing all her achievements, more and more Finnish women were inspired to pursue higher education. Sigrid graduated in law from a Finnish law institute in 1905, and in 191,8 she became a licensed lawyer, which was a great achievement at that time, and her achievement once again highlighted Finland’s legal history in good words. After her legal successes, Finland became the first country to give women equal rights. Due to gender equality and professional inclusion, Finland was a leader in progressive movements. Sigrid Lehrbäck’s legal position was primarily focused on women’s issues. She was a trailblazer for women in the legal field. Her efforts helped Finnish women to focus on their careers. Even today, Finnish legal history places Lehrbäck among the foremost lawyers who spoke out for women’s rights.
France’s first female lawyer, Olga Petit:
Born in March 1870, Olga Balachoski Petit is known not only in France but also around the world for her legal skills. Due to some political changes and intellectual opportunities, she migrated to France in the late 19th century and began her legal career there. She began her legal education at the University of Paris, and after graduating from there, she focused on French law. After making her name among the most educated women in France in the 1890s, she decided to serve in the courts here and began her career at a time when the French government did not allow women to freely practice law. However, in December 1900, a new law was introduced that allowed women to register with the bar and practice law. A few days after the passage of this law, Olga Petit took an oath and on December 6, Officially admitted to the Paris Bar in 1900.After being admitted to the bar, French law made her the first female lawyer in France, ahead of other early pioneers such as “Jeanne Chauvin”, who had been campaigning for women’s legal rights for years. Olga Petit began practicing law in Paris, and became known for her particular focus on civil cases, as well as for her intellectual sophistication and her commitment to women’s rights. Despite being the first French female lawyer, she did not become as famous as Jeanne Chauvin, who was more politically active in legal reform. Nevertheless, Olga did not give up and practiced law with her hard work and success, quietly paving the way for future women in the profession. She married Jules Petit, a progressive intellectual, because she had the support of a liberal partner and for this her husband proved to be the best match for her. In addition, she continued to advocate for the participation of women in legal and civic life, although at that time her importance was relatively low compared to other lawyers, but she did not lag behind and made her career in front of them. Olga Petit’s name is often overshadowed by Jeanne Chauvin, who was a more prominent activist, but Petit’s success came first. She is still known and respected today for breaking all gender barriers in the legal field for women in France and for paving all the way for women in the legal and public services here. Although not widely remembered in mainstream history, legal and feminist scholars still recognize Olga Petit as a fundamental figure. In addition, she is remembered in legal history texts and is often mentioned during celebrations of the advancement of women in French law.
Efharis Petridou, Greece’s first female lawyer:
Although detailed records of Petridou’s personal life and legal career are limited due to family constraints, the results of her legal achievements make her famous worldwide. Her legal skills make her a prominent figure in Greek legal history. She entered the law at a time when all legal positions were dominated by men and choosing a field like law was no less than difficult for women at such times. However, she did not give up and joined the Athens Bar in 1925, becoming the first Greek woman to do so, marking an important milestone in the history of women’s participation in the legal profession in Greek legal history. She chose law as a career at a time when women in Greece did not even have the right to freely vote – and did not achieve this right until 1952 – and in addition, women here were largely excluded from public and professional spheres. Petridou’s success paved the way for all subsequent advances for women in the Greek legal system, and especially for the fact that in 1955, Greek women were allowed to serve as judges in Greece for the first time, and over the following decades, women assumed prominent roles in the judiciary and legal academy. Although comprehensive information about Efharis Petridou’s life and contributions is still scarce, she is still remembered as the first female lawyer in Greece. Her courage and determination in challenging all kinds of gender norms are still evident in the hearts of people today.
Maria Otto, Germany’s first female lawyer:
Born on August 6, 1892 in Weiden in der Oberpfalz, Bavaria, this girl is today known as one of the best female lawyers in the world after showing 100% results in her legal skills. By entering the legal profession in Germany, she broke all the gender barriers that existed for German women in the legal field and paved the way for all future generations. Maria Otto was the daughter of a factory owner. Due to this, she did not have to face any financial problems in her profession. She continued her legal education by getting her Abitur in 1912 and later studied law at the top universities of Würzburg, Munich, Berlin and Leipzig. She graduated with good grades from the University of Würzburg in 1916. Of course, she did not face any domestic problems, but despite her academic achievements, Maria faced significant obstacles due to prevailing gender restrictions, since German women were not allowed to enter any kind of legal preparatory service (Referendarbeit), which was essential to qualify as a lawyer or judge. But she also, undaunted, obtained an “Informational Beschichte” (information job) from 1916 to 1919, thanks to which she was able to gain practical experience in courts and administrative offices. And in the meantime, in 1920, Otto received his doctorate in law from the University of Würzburg. He persistently applied for admission to the second state examination (Esserexmen), but unfortunately faced several rejections. And finally, in February 1922, she was allowed to take the exam on the condition that she would not seek positions in the judiciary or the higher civil service. She accepted this, becoming the first woman in Germany to pass the exam in June 1922. After all the hardships, the enactment of the “Law on the Admission of Women to Judicial Offices and Professions” on July 11, 1922, took a turning point and this legislation allowed women to enter the legal professions, and on December 7, 1922, Maria Otto was officially admitted to the bar, becoming the first German woman to be admitted to the bar. Maria began her career by establishing her own law practice in Munich and specializing in family law. Outside of her practice, she was actively involved in women’s rights organizations, including the Münchner Rechtsschutzstelle für Frauen (Munich Legal Protection Office for Women) and the Deutscher Juristinnen-Verein (German Women Lawyers’ Association). Notably, Otto continued to practice law during the Nazi era and was considered “not a burden” in post-war assessments, which allowed her to maintain her legal career until her death in 1977. In recognition of her outstanding service, the German Bar Association (Deutscher Anwaltverein) established the Maria-Otto-Prize in 2010. This annual award honors women lawyers and organizations that have made significant contributions to advancing the role of women in the legal profession.
Kenya`s first woman lawyer, Kalpana Rawal:
Kalpana Rawal was not only the first woman lawyer born in Kenya but also the first woman to run a law firm in the country. In 1975 founded her law firm. She was a role model for women in the legal profession in the country.</p></p></p> She began her legal career after moving from India to Kenya in 1 973. After being appointed as an advocate in the High Court of Kenya in 1975, she founded her own law firm, KH Rawal Advocate. In 2000, she became the first woman judge in Asia in Kenya. Due to her qualifications, she was appointed as Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Kenya. Kalpana Rawal was the first woman to establish a law practice for women in Kenya. Apart from her, many other women who played important roles in the legal profession are also noteworthy, the most prominent of which is Effie Over, who has the distinction of being the first female judge in Kenya, who was appointed to the High Court in 1982. Apart from them, Martha Kom became the first female Chief Justice of Kenya in 2021. Kalpana Rawal was the first woman to establish a legal practice, and all these women also led Kenya on the path of development by performing their legal services.
Regina Guha, a leading Indian woman lawyer:
Born into a Baghdadi Jewish family in Kolkata, Regina Guha today lights up the world with her legal skills. She was not only a woman lawyer but also an educationist who played a major role in breaking down all the gender barriers that were against women in the legal profession during the British colonial era. Her efforts led to the passage of the Women’s Legal Practice Act of 1923, which allowed women in India to practice law. She was the daughter of a lawyer, Perey Mohan Guha, and Simcha Gobbe. She began her legal studies in 1913, graduating with a Master of Arts degree, and there she stood first in her class. Thereafter, she began her legal career by obtaining a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree from the University of Calcutta in 1915. In 1916, Guha applied for admission as an advocate in the court of the Alipore District Judge, but her application was rejected on the ground that women were not allowed to register as legal practitioners under the Legal Practitioners Act of 1879. However, she defied this decision and challenged the decision in the Calcutta High Court, arguing that the term “person” in the Act should include women. She was represented by the eminent lawyer and member of the Indian National Congress, Eardley Norton. The case, still known as “In re Regina Guha”, was heard by a bench of five male judges. The court ruled that the term “person” did not include women, thus denying her the right to be admitted as an advocate. Guha’s legal challenge failed during her lifetime, but it sparked a wider movement advocating for women’s right to practice law. Her efforts, along with those of her contemporaries such as Cornelia Sorabjee and Sudhanshu Bala Hazara, resulted in the enactment of the Legal Practitioners (Women) Act in 1923. In addition to her legal pursuits, Guha served as the headmistress of a Jewish girls’ school in Kolkata, and was its first Jewish principal. Her family established an endowment in her memory at the University of Calcutta, from which a medal is still awarded each year to the student who comes first in the MA English examination. Regina Guha’s determination and advocacy paved the way for future generations of women in the legal profession and challenged all kinds of social norms, advocating for the maintenance of full gender equality in law.
The first female lawyer in Mexico, María Asunción Sandoval de Zarcar:
There is no specific information about her historical birth, but some people still say that she was born in Mexico in the late 19th century. But she practiced law with dignity and in a short time made her name among the world’s leading lawyers. She began her legal education at the Escuela Nacional de Jurisprudencia, which was the primary law school in Mexico at the time and is now a large part of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. She then continued her legal studies, graduating in 1898 and earning the credit of being the first woman to be officially recognized as a lawyer in Mexico. At that time, in Mexico — or anywhere in Latin America — it was not easy for women to obtain higher education, and because of this, public office was dominated by men, but she worked hard and worked alongside men. Her entry into the legal field was significant and challenged social norms that limited women’s roles to domestic life. Her graduation paved the way for institutional changes, which increased the acceptance of women in Mexican universities and professional fields. Seeing the dominance of men in every position, she had to find solutions to many problems on her own. And for facing all these problems, she is still remembered as one of the best and most intelligent lawyers in the state of Mexico.
Adolphine Eduardina Kok, the first female lawyer in the Netherlands:
Born in Rotterdam on August 12, 1879, this girl is famous all over the world today for her excellent legal career. She belonged to a family that valued education and social responsibility, and it was because of these domestic freedoms that she succeeded in her legal studies and became the first female lawyer in the Netherlands, as well as one of the best lawyers in the world. And then she introduced herself as a trailblazer, raising her voice for women’s rights in Dutch law, and her advocacy significantly influenced the Dutch legal system and the wider feminist movement. She began her legal education at Leiden University, from where she obtained a doctorate in law in 1903. Her dissertation critically examined German laws on matrimonial property, reflecting her early commitment to reforming laws that disadvantaged women. She then turned her attention to her career, and in April 1903, Kok was called to the Rotterdam bar as the first female lawyer in the Netherlands. She encountered little controversy when she entered the legal profession, a testament to her competence and the changing legal attitudes of the time. Most of her legal expertise was in areas that directly affected women’s lives, with marriage and property issues being at the forefront. Her clients were primarily women seeking help with marriage, divorce, and property rights. Recognizing the systemic legal inequalities faced by women, Kok actively worked to reform laws that legally disqualified married women. Then, in 1922, she wrote an initial recommendation for the Brotherhood of Candidate Notaries to modernize the matrimonial property law regarding marriages in the community of goods. Her efforts gave her the courage to contribute to the broader movement supporting women’s legal autonomy and equality. Putting her career on hold for a while, she married fellow lawyer Jan van den Hoek in 1904. Defying social expectations for married women at the time, she continued her legal practice with her husband in Rotterdam. Their partnership set an example of a progressive model of marital and professional cooperation. Koek’s dedication to legal reform and women’s rights left a significant mark on Dutch society. Her important role in speaking out for women paved the way for future generations of women in the legal profession, giving them the freedom to choose law as their career. Unfortunately, she died suddenly in Rotterdam in 1928, but her legacy lives on today as a symbol of perseverance and progress in achieving gender equality.
New Zealand’s first female lawyer, Ethel Benjamin:
Born on 19 January 1875 in Dunedin, New Zealand, this woman became famous worldwide for her legal skills. She continued her legal education by enrolling in the Faculty of Law at the University of Otago, and this university was the first university in New Zealand to admit women to law studies. She is not only a New Zealand female lawyer but also the first female lawyer in the British Empire to practice as a female lawyer. And in 1897, she worked as a barrister and advocate in the Supreme Court of New Zealand. And she was only 22 years old when she was admitted to the bar. In those days, law firms did not allow any women to work independently, so she started her legal practice in Dunedin immediately after completing her studies, handling a wide range of legal work, with family law, divorce, and commercial matters as the top ones. Opened her own law practice in Dunedin shortly after graduating, as most law firms would not employ women. At the same time, she advocated for the rights of women and the poor, often working with clients that other lawyers refused to take on. Even today, Ethel Benjamin is remembered as a trailblazer for women in New Zealand and throughout the Commonwealth. The New Zealand Law Foundation established the Ethel Benjamin Scholarship in her name to support outstanding women in legal research and postgraduate studies, and this scholarship is still in existence today.
Ai Kume, the first female lawyer of Japan:
Born on July 7, 1911, in Sakai Prefecture, Japan, Ai Kume was one of the leading women in the legal field. She was one of the first three women to pass the bar exam in 1938, along with Masako Nakata and Yoshiko Mibuchi, a major achievement in an era when the legal profession was still dominated by men. After graduating from Meiji University’s Women’s College in 1929, she completed an eighteen-month internship and became a fully qualified lawyer in 1940. Kume worked in private practice in Tokyo and played a prominent role in promoting women’s rights in Japan. When the Japan Women’s Bar Association was established in 1950, she was a founding member and the first chairperson. From 1960 to 1969, Kome represented Japan at the United Nations in New York, working on international legal and human rights issues. In 1976, Kome was nominated to the Supreme Court of Japan. She later died unexpectedly on July 14, 1976. Her hard work and love of the law inspired Japanese men and women and gave them a new impetus to pursue legal careers.
Lim Beng Hong, the first female lawyer in Malaysia:
born in 1903 in Penang, Malaysia. She was also known as Mrs. B.H. After receiving her early education in Penang, she enrolled to study law at the Inner Temple, one of the Four Inns of Court.In 1926, she became the first Malayan woman to be called to the English Bar. She was also the first woman to be admitted to the Malayan Bar in 1927.</p></p> She worked extensively for the rights and welfare of women and child ren. She was also one of the members of the Federal Legislative Council in the 1950s. Lim Beng Hong is remembered in Malaysia as a leader in both the legal and political arenas, who worked for equal rights by ending male dominance. Mrs. B. H. On’s educational and professional journey is remarkable, paving the way for the educational and legal advancement of Malaysia and for women.
The first female lawyer of Indonesia, Maria Alfah Santoso:
Born on 18 August 1911, in Serang, Banten, Indonesia, she came from a family where education was considered essential for women. She received her early education at a Dutch school, which was no less than a prize for Indonesian girls at that time. She became the first Indonesian woman to receive a law degree from Leiden University in the Netherlands. Education gave her the courage to speak out against the colonial and patriarchal system. After returning to Indonesia in 1930, she became the first woman to practice law in the country. She worked a lot for women’s rights. She worked a lot on marriage and divorce cases. In 1946, she took up the post of Minister of Social Affairs. She has the honor of being the first woman to hold a ministerial position in Indonesian history. She played an active and courageous role in social policy after independence, especially working for the welfare of women. After serving the people of her country throughout her life, she died in Jakarta on April 15, 1988. After working so hard and dedicatedly for her country, she taught all women that women can also walk alongside men in every field.
Frances Kyle was Ireland’s first female barrister:</h2>
She was born on 30 January 1883 in Belfast, Ireland. She was also known as Fay Kyle. She came from a strong Protestant family. After receiving her primary education, she obtained her law degree from Trinity College, Dublin. She was the first class of woman to study at the college. In 1921, Frances Kyle was called to the Irish Bar for the first time. After which, she became the first woman to be called to the Irish Bar. She also has the honor of being the first woman to be called to the British Bar. Her admission to the British and Irish Bar after the Act of 1919 paved the way for women to pursue a legal profession. Frances Kyle raised a voice for the end of male dominance in Ireland and for equal rights for women. She was later called to King’s Dublin, becoming the first female barrister in Ireland to practice. Frances Kyle died in 1958. Frances Kyle was the first woman to be called to the Irish Bar and a champion of women’s rights in the UK and Ireland. Her work paved the way for women in Ireland to pursue careers in the law.
Rosa Ginossar, Israel’s first practicing female lawyer and a trailblazer for women’s rights:
Rosa Ginossar (née Hacohen), born on July 14, 1890, in Gomel, Belarus, is today known worldwide for her legal skills. She was not only the first female lawyer, but also one of the first Israeli trailblazers. She became one of the world’s most prominent lawyers by practicing law as the first female lawyer and became the first female activist for women’s rights in Israel, playing an important role in advancing women’s legal rights during the British Mandate. Ginossar immigrated to pre-state Palestine with her family in 1907 and began her legal education by studying law at the University of Paris, where she received a law degree in 1913. During World War I, she married Shlomo Gnosser in Switzerland, and after the wedding, she decided to go to London and from there she began a new legal career and became actively involved in the Zionist movement. She then returned to Palestine in 1922. After returning to Palestine, Gnosser faced significant obstacles in her attempt to practice law there. First, her application to take the bar exam was rejected on the grounds that the Hebrew term for lawyer, “orakh din,” was reserved for men only. But she did not give up and, fearlessly, applied again in 1924 with the support of the Union of Hebrew Women for equal rights in Eretz Israel, but was again denied. Then, in 1925, Ginossar began clerking at the law firm of Harry Sachar and Shalom Horowitz, gaining practical experience in legal work that did not require much court appearances. And in December 1928, Horowitz filed a petition on her behalf with the High Court of Justice. In which Ginossar also took advantage of the international feminist movement, to strengthen her argument, she drew parallels with cases such as those of Canadian activist Emily Murphy, and on February 15, 1930, the Supreme Court ruled in Ginossar’s favor, affirming the right of Palestinian women to practice law. And two days later, she passed the bar exam, becoming the second woman to pass the exam after Frieda Slutzkin. and became the first female lawyer to open her own firm in Jerusalem and practice law. Ginossar’s legal work often focused on helping immigrants, women, and children. She played a key role in challenging ordinances that had tried to prevent women from appearing in certain courts, but after her selfless work and dedication, women were allowed to practice in civil courts. She then served as the first honorary secretary of the Women’s International Zionist Organization (WIZO) in 1920 and later as its president from 1966 to 1970. In 1974, Ginossar was awarded an honorary citizen of Jerusalem, recognizing her countless services to the city and nation. She died a natural death in 1979, leaving behind a long legacy of steadfastness and dedication to equality. Her tireless pursuit of justice not only paved the way for future generations of female lawyers in Israel, but also further strengthened her position in the fight for women’s rights.
Iran’s first female lawyer was Mehrangaz Manouchehrin:
Born in 1906, Tehran, Iran, this woman is known worldwide for her excellent legal skills. Along with her success in her career, she has also earned a name worldwide. She belonged to a modern, educated family that always supported the advancement of women. And because of her educated family, she studied law at a time when very few women in Iran were allowed to pursue higher education. She became Iran’s first female lawyer in the 1930s. After receiving a law degree from the University of Tehran, this university is one of the leading legal institutions in Iran. And after graduating in 1930, she became the first female lawyer in Iran. At the time she entered the profession, the legal profession in Iran was exclusively reserved for men, and her admission was an important milestone for women. After working side by side with men, she became the first female lawyer licensed to practice law in the entire Iranian state. And a defense. Working as an attorney, she specialized in family law, women’s rights, and civil law. She always represented women in court, often emphasizing sensitive issues such as divorce, custody, and property rights. As a strong feminist and reformer, she challenged Iran’s patriarchal legal system and made a name for herself as a leading lawyer by emphasizing cases such as raising the minimum age of marriage, reforming inheritance and custody laws, and legalizing abuse of women. Her success in this led to her being appointed as the first female senator to the Iranian Senate in 1963, and subsequently granted women the right to vote and run for office under the reforms of the Shah’s White Revolution. After the 1979 revolution, she lived a quiet life and stayed away from politics. She died in Tehran in 2000. She is still remembered today as the first female lawyer and senator in Iran, as well as a pioneer of legal reform and women’s rights, and as the first female lawyer who paved the way for generations of Iranian women in law and government.
The first female lawyer in Italy was Lydia Poete:
Born on August 26, 1855, in Pererro, Piedmont, Italy, to an educated and progressive family, she became the first female lawyer in Italy. Despite strong opposition to women in the legal profession, she remained determined and proved her mettle. In 1881, she received a law degree from the University of Turin, which was considered the most prestigious educational institution at the time. After graduation, she boldly wrote a dissertation on the situation of women in that era, a controversial topic at the time. In 1883, she was officially registered with the Bar Association and became the first woman to practice law in Italy. Women were not allowed to enter the legal profession at that time, so the Attorney General of Italy challenged Lydia Poet’s admission. In 1884, the decision was made against her, which forced her to leave the legal profession. She loved her work so much that she stopped working, but she fought many cases behind the scenes in her brother’s law firm. At the age of 65, she was finally allowed to practice law. She always supported women’s suffrage, education, and legal rights. Finally, on February 25, 1949, this woman who had such a passion for the law died in Turin. She is considered a pioneer of women in the Italian legal system. Her cases demonstrate flexibility, justice, and equality. Her story is taught in schools and celebrated in Italian legal history. In 2023, a drama inspired by her life, “The Law According to Lidia Poët,” also aired on Netflix.
Chief Olufoleke (Folake) Solanke, Nigeria’s first female lawyer
Born on March 29, 1932 in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, this girl is known worldwide for her legal skills. She is a renowned lawyer, administrator and an outstanding advocate for women’s rights. She also holds the historic distinction of being the first female Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), a distinction she was awarded in 1981 for her outstanding performance, marking a significant milestone in the legal history of Nigeria. Folake Solanke was born into the family of Jacob Odle, the inventor of the popular Albukon powder, and began her legal education at Ago-Oko Primary School in 1937 and later attended Imo Girls’ School and Methodist Girls’ High School in Lagos. and continued to receive many awards for her consistently high achievements in English and mathematics. And in 1951 she went to King’s College, Durham University (now Newcastle University), England, and from there she did a BA in Latin and Mathematics in 1954, followed by a Diploma in Education in 1955 and later served as a Latin and Mathematics teacher at Pipers Corner School and St. Monica’s School in England. And then in 1960 she resumed her legal studies and enrolled at a law college in London, and after graduating from here she began her legal career and was first called to the bar in 1962. She then decided to return to Nigeria, after returning here she joined the chambers of the Honorable Justice Michael Adenika Odesa and later worked as a junior counsel with Chief Frederick Rotimi Williams. In 1966, she established her own law firm, Albucon Chambers, in Ibadan, becoming one of the first women to run a law office in the city. Her legal acumen and dedication led to her historic appointment as Nigeria’s first female senior advocate in 1981, an achievement that not only broke all gender barriers for Nigerian women but also paved the way for future generations of female lawyers in the country. Aside from her legal practice, Solanke served as the first female commissioner in the Western State of Nigeria in 1972 and headed the Western Nigeria Television Broadcasting Corporation, which was then the first television network in Africa. She has also served internationally, first making history in 1994 by becoming the 42nd and first African International President of Zonta International, an organization that plays a major role in advancing the status of women worldwide. Chief Solanke’s contributions to this have been widely recognized, and she has been honored with several awards, including the Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON) and later the International Bar Association’s Outstanding International Woman Lawyer Award in 2012. Chief Folke Solanke’s illustrious career paved all kinds of legal paths for countless women in the legal profession and beyond. Her integrity and commitment to excellent advocacy continue to inspire generations to come.
Rabia Qari, Pakistan’s First Muslim Woman Barrister:
Rabia Qari, who is today considered one of the most prominent lawyers in Pakistan and the world. Rabia, also known as Rabia Sultana Qari, holds the distinction of being Pakistan’s first Muslim woman barrister. Her early role in the legal profession marked a significant milestone in the country’s history, as she made a name for herself worldwide through her legal skills, especially at a time when the field was mostly dominated by men. Since she was not allowed to have many outside relationships and Rabia had no close friends, detailed records of Rabia Qari’s early life and education are limited, but her achievements in the legal field made her famous worldwide. She broke all gender barriers by becoming the first Muslim woman to qualify as a barrister in South Asia and Pakistan. Her achievement is not only a personal triumph but also a significant step for Muslim women in the legal profession, paving the way for all Pakistani Muslim women to work in the legal field. In the 1960s, Rabia Qari further cemented her legacy by becoming the first woman to be elected as the President of the Lahore High Court Bar Association (LHCBA). This achievement was particularly noteworthy, as at that time the law was 90% male-dominated, but she overcame all the challenges with courage and determination, and Rabia’s achievements paved the way for women in all future legal fields. And in 2005, another female lawyer, Mrs. Fakhrul-Nisa Khokhar, who worked alongside her, was elected to this prestigious position. Apart from her professional achievements, Rabia Qari was known for her compassionate nature, best exemplified by a couple whose tragic love story symbolized the challenges faced during the partition of India and Pakistan. They had a son and a daughter, Zainab and Buta Singh, whom Rabia adopted and raised on her own, ensuring that they were provided with all the facilities like love, care and education. She remained with Rabia until her daughter got married, which was held at Qari’s residence in Lahore. Rabia Qari’s illustrious journey in the legal profession has left an indelible mark on the history of Pakistan. Her achievements challenged societal norms and opened doors for countless women aspiring to enter the legal field. By breaking the barriers of her time, she not only advanced her career but also laid the foundation for gender equality in Pakistan’s legal system. Even today, she is remembered for her compassion, sincerity, and love. She made the dreams of so many women come true and became the primary source of their advancement and success.
Natividad Almeda-Lopez, The First Female Lawyer of the Philippines:
Born on September 8, 1892, during the Spanish colonial era, Natividad is today known worldwide for her association with law. And she holds the distinction of being the first female lawyer in the Philippines. Her footsteps paved the way for countless aspirants to work in the legal profession in the Philippines. Her early journey into the legal profession not only broke gender barriers but also paved the way for future generations of Filipino lawyers and judges. Almeida Lopez began her legal career at a time when women’s participation in the field was non-existent. Despite being a male-dominated field, she took and passed the bar exam in 1913. Due to age restrictions, she was formally admitted to the bar in 1914, becoming the first Filipino to be admitted to the roll of attorneys. She began her legal career in the Bureau of Justice in 1919 and was promoted to assistant attorney in the Office of the Attorney General. In 1934, President Manuel Quezon issued a three-year probationary period for her in that role, and upon her success. she was appointed a permanent judge of the City Court of Manila. With this appointment, she became the first female judge in the Philippines. Outside of her judicial duties, Almeida Lopez became a passionate advocate for women’s rights and, at the age of 26, she delivered a speech before the Philippine Legislative Assembly advocating for equal rights for women, making gender equality and women’s suffrage her top priority. Her efforts played a significant role in the country’s feminist movement. Given how difficult it was for a single woman to navigate the male-dominated legal system, she did not give up and navigated the entire legal system alone, and like all women. she faced difficult times, in which gender discrimination was at the forefront. Despite these obstacles, she remained steadfast in her commitment to justice and equality. Her perseverance not only cemented her place in history but also inspired countless women to pursue careers in law. In recognition of her services, the Philippine government awarded her several honors, including the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1955 for her outstanding leadership in the women’s movement, the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1966 for her outstanding work in women’s rights, and another Presidential Medal of Merit in 1968. In 1996. A street in Manila was named Natividad Lopez Street in her honor. Almeida Lopez married fellow lawyer Domingo Lopez, and they had three children: Marietta, Lulu, and Jack. During World War II, she and her children were evacuated from Manila to her husband’s hometown of Tabasco, ensuring their safety amid the turmoil. Natividad Almeda-Lopez’s illustrious career laid the foundation for women’s participation in the Philippine legal system, and her dedication to justice and equality inspired future generations of Filipino lawyers and judges.
Helena Wiewiórska, Poland’s first female lawyer:
Helena Wiewiórska (born 2 September 1888 in Poland) is known worldwide for her legal status and is the first woman in Poland to practice law independently. Her choice of this career path broke down all gender barriers for women in law and paved the way for women in the field of law. Much of her legal work was spent speaking out on women’s rights. Wiewiórska studied law at a time when women’s participation in higher education and professional fields was limited and all positions were dominated by men. She stood shoulder to shoulder with men and, undeterred, studied law in St. Petersburg around 1909 and returned to Poland in 1919. Despite her qualifications, she faced challenges in getting her foreign education recognized, which led to an extended probationary training period at the Warsaw Bar and her She had to practice law in the country. After completing all her legal training after 1925, she was officially admitted to the Polish Bar, becoming the first Filipino woman to be admitted to the bar. After being admitted to the bar, Wiwierska began her career in civil law, establishing herself as a capable and dedicated lawyer. Her practice not only demonstrated women’s abilities in the legal field but also challenged prevailing social norms. During World War II, Wiwierska demonstrated extraordinary courage by sheltering those in danger, an act that led to her arrest by the Gestapo in July 1940. She was released from custody due to illness. Outside of her legal practice, Wiwierska was instrumental in advocating for women’s rights in the legal profession. She co-founded the Union of Women Lawyers (Związek Kobiet z Prawniczym Wykształcieniem) in 1929, which aimed to support and promote the interests of women in law. Her efforts played a significant role in the gradual acceptance and integration of women into the Polish legal system. Along with her legal skills, she worked for equality for all. Her advocacy always focused on giving women their full rights. And for these reasons, Polish women today are working freely in the legal field, and they regularly give credit for this to Helena.
Alice Sim, Norway’s first female lawyer and legal pioneer:
Alice Sim, born on November 26, 1870, in Oslo, Norway, today holds the distinguished title of being the first female lawyer in the world. She has made a name for herself due to her legal skills and is now among the most renowned lawyers in the world. Along with Norway, she is widely recognized as the first female lawyer in Europe. Her legal career not only broke gender barriers for women in the legal profession but also paved the way for future generations of women in the law. The daughter of district magistrate Gabriel Agdeius Johan Henrik Sim and Emma Nathalie Christensen, Alice Sim began her legal studies by returning to Christiania at the age of 24, and spent her early school years in Mandal. She then completed her education at Gerritsen School in 1896 and enrolled at the Royal Frederiksberg University (now the University of Oslo) in 1897, graduating with a cand. Jur. and obtained a law degree in 1901. At that time, it was a great honor for women to receive a degree from here. Despite receiving a law degree, she, like lawyers in other countries, faced many legal restrictions that prevented women from practicing law in Norway. But she still undaunted and undaunted, and she worked as a junior lawyer under attorney Thorstein Desen in 1902 and served as a deputy judge at the Christiania Probate Court from 1903 to 1904. Recognizing the need for systemic change, Sam, along with other female law graduates, campaigned vigorously for women’s rights. And after the success of this campaign, the Norwegian state enacted a law on 22 March 1904. This law gave women the right to freely practice law in Norway. And then Sam opened her own law office at Karl Johansgate 10 in Oslo, where she became known as the first female attorney in Europe. Despite all the difficulties, Alice Sam’s career was marked by several historic firsts, first by serving as the country’s first female prosecutor in 1905, setting a new standard for women, and then by becoming the first female lawyer to argue a case before Norway’s highest court in 1911, and after completing the required trials in 1912, Sam was called a barrister, giving her the right to work in Supreme Court cases. In addition to her legal practice, in 1913 she was appointed as a defender at the Christiania Court of Appeal, and in 1918 as vice-chairman and later president of the Industrial Domestic Workers’ Wage Tribunal in Christiania and Aker. She also served as chairman from 1934. Sam died on January 9, 1950, leaving behind the resilience of her legal skills. She is still remembered today for her excellent advocacy and remarkable achievements. Alice Sam’s journey from a determined law student to Norway’s first female lawyer exemplifies the profound impact of perseverance and advocacy. Her legacy continues to inspire and pave the way for women in Norway and across Europe.
Maria Ascensión Chirivella Marín, Spain’s first female practicing lawyer:
Born in Spain on January 28, 1894, this girl holds the distinction of being the first female lawyer in Spain. As the first woman to obtain a law degree and practice as a lawyer, she put women’s rights first throughout her legal career and not only broke gender barriers in the Spanish legal profession but also laid the foundation for future generations of women to work in any legal field freely. Chirivella Marín began her legal education at a time when women’s participation in academia was limited. She enrolled at the University of Valencia, where she studied law and became the first woman to graduate from the law school with a law degree. She worked so hard during her studies that her academic achievements still set a great example for women’s participation in the legal field in Spain today. In January 1922, Cherivilla Marín was admitted to the bar for the first time, becoming the first female lawyer. Most of her legal expertise focused on civil law and issues affecting women and children. Specializing in civil law, she focused on issues affecting women and children, advocating for reforms that would give women greater legal rights and protections. Her work was instrumental in promoting the benefits that the Second Republic promised women, including the right to vote, hold political office, divorce, and receive child support. She also fought against discrimination in parental rights and sought to reform the Civil Code of 1889, which was restrictive for women. Like other lawyers, her career path also went through quite a challenge before reaching her destination, first of all, the political turmoil in the 1930s. which created an environment against progressive reforms and expert lawyers like her, and saving her life from these political and social dangers, she headed to Mexico and served in the legal fields there until 1980. Her bold and courageous decisions have kept her memory alive in the legal history of Spain to this day. She is still remembered as a trailblazer, and her efforts to ensure that women can also achieve success in every field give more courage to women here. Irene Antoinette Geffen, South Africa’s First Female Lawyer: Born in the late 19th century, Irene Geffen is today known worldwide for her legal skills and holds the distinction of being the first female lawyer in all of South Africa. The top priority of her legal journey was to break down all gender barriers and pave the way for future generations of women. She began her career in a time when all legal professions were dominated by men, and women faced numerous social and institutional barriers. She bravely faced these difficulties and, without giving up, became the first female lawyer from South Africa to be admitted to the Transvaal Bar in 1913. This success allowed South African women to freely enter the legal profession and was a major legislative milestone in the country’s history. Outside of her legal practice, she also worked for social justice, with the rights of women and children as her top priority. In 1925, she received a call from the International Council of Women to publish summaries of laws affecting women and children, and she received permission to write in 1928. This comprehensive work covered areas such as nationality law, tax law, and voting rights, and was aimed at empowering women and giving women full power in policy-making. Irene Geffen lived in Johannesburg with her husband, Max Geffen, both Lithuanian Jews. She left her legal practice upon the birth of her first daughter, Zoe. Her younger daughter, Felicia Kentridge (1930–2015), followed in her mother’s footsteps, becoming a prominent lawyer and anti-apartheid activist. Her exemplary character inspired other women to pursue legal careers, gradually changing the gender dynamics of the profession. Her legacy of courage, determination, justice and integrity is a model for all African women. Her contributions have enabled women to work in the legal profession today. Her passion and determination are transforming the desires of every girl’s heart into a reality, producing a passionate group of lawyers. Irene Antoinette Geffen’s legacy is one of courage, determination, and steadfastness for justice. Her contributions not only opened doors for women in the legal profession but also furthered the broader goal of gender equality in South Africa. Today, her pioneering spirit continues to inspire and empower women in and outside of the law.
Ekaterina Fleischitz, Russia’s First Female Criminal Defense Lawyer:
Born in Russia in 1888, Ekaterina Fleischitz is known worldwide for her legal skills. She is honored for her legal achievements as the first female criminal defense lawyer in all of Russia. Her early journey into the legal profession not only broke gender barriers but also paved the way for future generations of women in Russian law. Ekaterina Fleischitz began her legal education at a time when there were very limited, if not nonexistent, positions for women in the legal profession. But she still demonstrated exceptional academic ability, graduating from the Sorbonne University Law School in 1907, recognizing the importance of bringing her qualifications up to Russian standards, and in 1909, passing the full law exams at St. Petersburg University with the highest grades. This achievement was especially notable, as no public education of any kind was yet permitted in Russia, let alone law schools. But she defied the government and, on November 5, 1909, obtained permission from the court to represent her client, making history in doing so. And effectively became the first woman to practice criminal defense law in Russia. It was no easy feat for her to achieve all this. Even such a prominent role faced many immediate challenges. Since Russian women were not allowed to work in the legal profession at the time, shortly after her court appearance, the Minister of Justice intervened in her work and removed her from the case, reflecting the social resistance to women in the legal profession at the time. And despite all these obstacles, she played a significant role in gradually changing the Russian legal system with regard to women’s commitment. And after all her efforts, Russian law allowed women to enroll in all law schools in 1911, and moreover, despite numerous legal obstacles until 1917, she did not back down from working for women and kept her voice high as much as she could. Women were allowed to practice law. Ekaterina Fleischitzer’s persistence in her legal position and highlighting the importance of advocacy offers an enduring inspiration for women. Her legacy continues to inspire and empower women in the legal profession today, and even today, Russian legal history places her at the forefront and credits her with all its successes.
Ezlynn Deraniyagala Sri Lanka’s first female barrister and legal trailblazer:
(1908) holds the distinction of being the first woman to be admitted to the bar and to practice as a barrister in Sri Lanka (then Ceylon). Her notable achievements in the legal field and her unwavering commitment to women’s rights have left an indelible mark on the country’s history. Born in 1908 to a prominent family, an ordinary girl achieved the best of her career through her hard work and dedication, achieving notable achievements in the legal field and speaking out for other women like her. She has left an indelible mark on the legal history of Sri Lanka. She was the first Sri Lankan woman lawyer to be admitted to the bar for the first time, and made a name for herself in the history of the country with her unwavering commitment. Ezlynn was the daughter of F.A. Obeysekera, Speaker of the Council of State of Ceylon, and Anna Isabella Sykes, yet she faced many political and social problems. Azlin began her early education at Hillwood College, Kandy, and later enrolled at St. Bridget’s Convent, Colombo, for higher education. Demonstrating academic excellence, she pursued higher education at St. Anne’s College, Oxford, where she obtained a law degree and was appointed President of the Geldart Society. In 1934, she was called to the bar of the Inner Temple, London, and from there became the second Sri Lankan woman to pass the English Bar Examinations. The following year, 1935, she was appointed as an advocate in the Supreme Court of Ceylon and made her name at the top of the list of the country’s first barristers. Despite such successes, she did not forget her country and decided to return to Ceylon, and upon her return, Deraniyagala embarked on a legal career that was both radical and socially influential, as she was committed to advancing women’s rights and was active in various national and international women’s organizations, and In view of this. she founded the Sri Lanka Women Lawyers Association in 1960 and served as its first President. Her leadership of the association extended to the international level, and on this basis, she was elected Vice-President from 1952 to 1955. After graduating from there. she served as the fifth President of the International Union of Women from 1958 to 1964, in addition to advocating for gender equality and legal reform by presiding over important congresses in Ireland during 1961 and in Italy during 1964. In 1937, Eslin married a fellow lawyer, Ralph St. Louis Pierce Deraniyagala, with whom she had a son, Ralph Senaka, who began his career in medicine. Eslin’s dedication and perseverance made significant contributions to the legal profession and women’s rights, and left behind a legacy of courage, determination, and advocacy for equality. She left behind a legacy that will always be remembered. And having passed away in 1973 at the age of 65, her legacy continues to inspire and empower women in the legal profession today.
Poland’s first female lawyer, Helena Wiewiórska:
Helena Wiewiórska, born during the political turmoil in Poland at the end of the 19th century, is famous all over the world for her outstanding qualities. This woman, who gave priority to women in her legal career, was especially famous for showing Polish women a new light in life, making their dreams come true, allowing women here to work freely in legal fields, and giving them their rights. This woman, who gave them their rights, is famous all over the world today. She started her legal education at a time when there was no mention of any woman in the Polish legal institutions for a long time, and there were patriarchal social restrictions on women. She made a name for herself by pursuing higher education in law at that time. Like other women, she had to face many challenges in legal education in her country, so she turned to European countries before them and obtained her legal education from the law universities of France and Switzerland. And in 1925, she became the first Polish woman lawyer to officially practice as a lawyer under the name of the first woman lawyer, and after her hard work, in 1918, a law was passed granting women the freedom to practice law and work in legal institutions, and equal civil rights with men. Helena’s appointment is a historic event. Her entry into law proved to be very useful for all other women, paving the way for them to enter the legal field. Another important thing about her was that this court system paid more attention to women’s issues and participated in broader legal reforms and advocacy for their rights. Her early practice also likely included civil and family law cases. Outside of her legal career, her top priority included women’s rights movements and legal reforms, the main goal of which was to promote gender equality. In addition, she was active in legal organizations and women’s associations, and wanted to increase women’s participation in legal justice and the system. Due to her hard work and dedication, women here are represented in every government institution today. The legacy of Helena Wiewiórska is deeply rooted in the history of Polish law and women’s rights. She always demonstrated that women could excel in the legal profession and that their inclusion strengthened the judiciary and society at large. Her courage and perseverance helped break down long-standing gender barriers in Polish professional and educational institutions, and the number of women in Polish legal education and the judiciary today is a testament to her hard work.